There are four basic materials you need to make concrete: portland cement, sand, aggregate (stone), and water. The ratio of aggregate to sand to cement is a critical factor in determining the compressive strength of the concrete mixture as is the amount of water added. Generally the less water the higher the compressive strength.
The MAS™ construction procedures call out for a very low slump concrete. I.e. only enough water is used to allow the concrete mixture to flow through the pumps to be applied by the shotcrete nozzle.
The concrete mixing ratios may vary depending on the region. A great resource for understanding concrete mixing ratios can be found at every-thing-about-concrete.
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